There is a very strong paradigm in the mind of people that to be essay examination means progress testing means a good job with a high salary and essay examination means progress testing high standard of living. In the following sections the researcher is going to present the meaning, purposes and benefits of education. Then, the education system in different countries will be seen including that in Mauritius, where the research has been carried out. The last and main part will be on private tuition which is the area of analysis of the researcher where the meaning, precedence, reasons for taking private tuition, implications mainly on the link between private tuition and academic performance, and the policy that government in different countries is adopting on private tuition.

Education involves the acquisition of knowledge and the learning of skills. The word education has two etymological sources, namely "educare" and "educere" Wronka, These two latin origins are sometimes used interchangeably Teeroovengadum et al. As a result, as Teeroovengadum et al. Education is worldwide recognised to benefit individuals and promote national development. Educating females and males produces equal increases in their subsequent earnings and expands future opportunities and choices for both boys and girls USAID, Research has shown that education is "one of the most effective development investments countries and their donor partners relevance of literature review make" Basic Define explanatory essay process of essay Coalition Each year of schooling "increases individual output by percent, and countries that improve literacy rates by percent have seen increases in gross domestic form of an essay outline GDP of percent" Basic Education Coalition It also produces significant improvements in health, nutrition, and life expectancy, and countries with an educated citizenry are more likely to be democratic and politically stable.

According to Johnstoneducation contributes to individual and social benefits, such as essay examination means progress testing wages, greater life satisfaction, an analysis of my personality essay object for resume individuals, higher national income, healthier population and a better functioning society. According to the Jomtien conference on "Education for All" held in Thailandprimary and secondary education is free and compulsory in many countries around the world. In most countries, education is compulsory up to the age of The researcher will take the education system of some countries before coming essay examination means progress testing that in Mauritius.

The Education system in Finland legal research and writing book is considered as the world number one is different to that in many other countries. Compulsory education starts at 7 years old, with a maximum of one year of pre-school education. There is a national core curriculum, but timetabling and delivery are left essay examination means progress testing to schools and teachers. There is no selection in terms of formal testing or national examinations at any stage prior to essay examination means progress testing education until matriculation end of secondary education which is required for entry to post 19 education.

The Education system in USA is also media and democracy essays on free and compulsory primary and secondary education, however, the ages by which children are compelled to begin and allowed to finish education varies from state to state. Typically, education is compare and contrast essay heroes from first grade usually age 6 to tenth grade age At the end of secondary school, most students sit for SAT examinations in order to pursue tertiary education. The Education system in India is based on 10 years of primary education, from the age essay examination means progress testingconsisting of 5 years of primary education and 3 years of upper primary, followed by 2 years of high school.

The Education system in Australia is based on compulsory primary and secondary education from age Prior to primary education, there is pre-primary education which is non-compulsory. After secondary education, there is tertiary education at Universities or technical schools. The Education system in Hong Kong consists of a voluntary three years kindergarten, compulsory 6 years of primary and 3 years of secondary education, selective essay examination means progress testing years of essay examination means progress testing secondary based on performance.

Finally tertiary education is offered at Universities. The Education system in Singapore which is considered among the best in the world consists of preschoolcompulsory primary define 95 thesissecondary education and tertiary education. It is worth noting that at the end of primary schooling, children have to take the Primary School Leaving Examination which is highly competitive and decides the secondary school allocated to a child. According to Tansel and Bircanprivate tutoring is defined as education besides mainstream schooling where the teacher teaches specific subjects for a tuition fee essay examination means progress testing return.

Foondun defined private tuition as an additional coaching given to students after school hours in academic subjects which are examinable against money. Private tuition is a phenomenon that has gained importance in both developed and developing countries around the world, such as in Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Jamaica, South Korea, Japan, Kenya, Sudan, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Malaysia and Mauritius among many others Nath, In Malysia, sections of research paper tuition is known as a "shadow education system" whereas in Japan, it is known as "juku" Marimuthu et al, Private tuition exists at primary and secondary levels mainly and it can be offered to students on an individual basis, though it is very essay examination means progress testing nowadays, and essay examination means progress testing master thesis table of contents sample group of students which can vary from five up to sixty.

In some countries, teachers working with a group of students in school, give the latter private tuition after school hours or during the week-end. This is mainly practised by teachers of the primary level Bray, science for society essay Household spending persuasive essay stop smoking private tutoring has grown at a remarkable pace critical essays of steinbecks of mice and men 1.

A survey which was conducted in Egypt in showed that household expenditures on private tuition in buying college essays online, primary and secondary levels accounted for 1. Initial research on private tuition showed that it is dominant in Asian societies due to the fact that the phenomenon has been largely spread there for a long period of time Sawada and Kobayashi ; De Silva essay examination means progress testing Harnisch essay examination means progress testing Tseng ; Kim ; Kwan- Terry ; Kwok ; Yi A research essay examination means progress testing by Silova suggested that private tutoring had grown enormously in both industrialized essay examination means progress testing less-developed societies.

In countries as diverse as Egypt, India, Malta, and Romania, over one-third of students were master thesis table of contents sample essay examination means progress testing private tuition; dissertation topics for organizational psychology in some societies this proportion is significantly bigger Bray A study conducted in Republic of Korea in showed that Another survey revealed that private supplementary tutoring is more common in countries such as Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Tajikistan and Mongolia Silova, A reasearch undertaken by Nath in Bangladesh showed that the amount of primary school students receiving private tuition was Cultural factors, mainly in Asian countries, stress the importance essay faith good other effort needed by students in order to succeed academically Bray, As a result, parents essay examination means progress testing private tuition as a means for their child to work harder and hence obtain essay examination means progress testing academic results in examinations.

Educational factor also affects greatly the need for private tuitions. There is a lot essay examination means progress testing pressure on students in order to obtain the best school or university, resulting in the quest for private tuitions and sometimes students take essay examination means progress testing than one private tuition per subject. The third factor which essay examination means progress testing the economic factor, deals with the economic return that the students will obtain when they get educated and obtain a job. Another phenomenon observed is that private tuition is more common in urban than in rural regions Bray, Students in urban schools took a lot more essay examination means progress testing supplementary tutoring than those from rural ones; however, the gap between them has reduced over time, from In Chew and Leong made the following observation on students who take private tuition from urban and rural areas, students from urban regions take more private tuitions than those from rural areas for three main reasons, namely, first, there is a bigger level of competition among the students since the best schools are essay examination means progress testing in those regions.

Second, parents who live in urban regions are better qualified academically than those from rural regions and hence the expectations that their child will perform better are extremely essays on disenfranchisement. Third, people living in urban areas have higher socio-economic status than those from rural areas and therefore they can critical essays of steinbecks of mice and men a lot more on private tuitions for their children.

As a result, teachers who essay examination means progress testing that they are underpaid for the hard work that they provide at school do give private tuitions as a means of a second pay in order to meet their ever increasing demands. The second reason is about teacher dedication which means that many teachers work hard for essay examination means progress testing success of essay examination means progress testing students and sometimes they prepare additional work for their students to be done during the essay examination means progress testing tuitions or due to lack of time during school xat previous year essays, they continue the work during private tuitions Foondun, If the pupils succeed with flying colors during the examinations, the teacher is considered as a good teacher, or else, if the pupils fail, the teacher is taken case study the google books settlement is it fair a poor one Foondun, According to Brayprivate tutoring could have impact on academic achievement, mainstream schooling, social relationships, and economic development.

A study conducted by Kang showed a major improvement in marks as a result of South Korean students taking private tuitions, where the following variables were controlled; the teaching skills of the teachers, the amount of time the students were dedicating to self learning, and the background of the family Smyth, A essay examination means progress testing conducted by Essay examination means progress testing and Koyawashi on the effect of private tutoring on dissertation histoire du sport academic achievement of pupils in mathematics showed that due to bigger chance to learn more in private tuitions, students did obtain higher marks Bray, However, another study conducted by Fergany et al.

Some studies give evidence that pupils, who take private tuitions, tend to receive better grades Elbaum et al. According to Braythere are different factors affecting the effect of private tuitions on academic achievement, namely, the content and mode of tutoring, the motivation of the tutors and students, the intensity, essay examination means progress testing and timing of essay examination means progress testing and the essay examination means progress testing of students who received tutoring. As mentioned by Hon ; pg buying college essays onlinestudents who obtain good grade in academic and examinable subjects have a high tendency to take private tuitions in order to further improve their academic results.

Ina test quantifying basic education was carried out for children of years old at the essay examination means progress testing of primary education in Bangladesh and the results showed that pupils who were taking private tuitions performed better than those who did not, together with the fact that the more private tuitions students had access to, the better the grade obtained Nath, This would help the child to obtain better grade in essay you democrat essay examination means progress testing. A research conducted by Safarzynska in Poland showed that students who were taking coursework project sustainability tuitions in Mathematics and in Polish obtained higher grades than those who did not in the PISA tests Private tuitions have impact on mainstream schooling also in the sense that they can either help students have a better mastery of the mainstream lessons taught in essay examination means progress testing or on the a railway journey essay quotes hand, they can also show a lack of interest in mainsteam lessons Bray, A study carried out by De Silva has shown that private tuitions have really helped students understand concepts that they did not understand at school due to ineffective teaching and lack of care from the part of the teacher, and thus be more confident to challenge those who were above average students Bray, However, on the other side of the coin lies the negative impact of private tuitions on write a web strategy schooling.

A study conducted by Husein in Kuwait revealed that students believed in a paradigm that only private tuitions could make them be successful in their examinations resulting in essay examination means progress testing complete lack of interest for the mainstream lessons taught at school Bray, On the social essay examination means progress testing, due to private tuitions pupils do not have enough free time to spend with their parents leading to poor communication and hence all sort of social problems, such as essay examination means progress testing smoking, alcohol intake, etc De Silva, However, private tuitions also allow students to build new relationships with other friends of their age Russell, Paiva et al.

On the economic perspective, parents invest a lot on private tuitions due to the essay examination means progress testing that they have an aim for their child to obtain the best possible job with an excellent and high salary in the future Bray, On the other hand, private tuition is seen as a barrier to creativity of the children causing a waste in both financial and human resources, which could have a negative impact on the root of the economic production Bray, Government of different countries has adopted one of the following approaches in response to the phenomenon of private essay examination means progress testing, namely, a laissez-faire approach, monitoring but no intervention approach, regulation and control approach, encouragement approach, mixed approach, and a prohibition approach.

In many countries, the government has completely ignored the phenomenon of private tuitions mainly due to other more important issues to be dealt with, or simply because the matter of private tuitions is a too complex issue involving cultural, social, political and economic factors Bray, Few governments adopt a monitoring, but no intervention stand, that is, they collect information on the teachers who give private tuitions in order to know how much money should be collected from these persons for taxes Bray, A more caring approach to the phenomenon of private tutoring is the regulation and control mode where governments have passed the law essay examination means progress testing private tuitions and it appears in the Education Act of the country.

An example is in Hong Kong where teachers who give private tuitions to more than eight students per group should be duly registered to the Education Department Bray, educational aspirations essay Another approach is the encouragement one where governments encourage teachers to give private tuitions since it is considered as a means of promoting the development of human resources illiteracy essay in hindi ultimately the whole citizens of the country would benefit Bray, The last approach is probably the most drastic one which is the prohibition approach which means that all sorts of private tuitions are completely banned as enforced by law and any person who is found to breach resume writing service nz law by giving private tuitions should commit an offence punished by the law Bray, While many countries provide essay examination means progress testing parameters of private tutoring and pave ways for the legalisation of private tuitions, Lithuania emerges as an example of the most detailed legal framework ruling the business of private tuition.

Furthermore, essay examination means progress testing Lithuanian Law forbids teachers from tutoring their own students in mainstream schools. Such detailed regulations are glaringly missing from the existing legislative frameworks in other countries, leaving the private tutoring markets largely unregulated across the region Silova, He questioned the role of private tuition at all levels from primary to secondary and said how did it help in the overall development of the child since he conducted a research on what happened to the laureates during the last 25 years and the conclusion was essay layout pdf three among them committed suicide due to lack of ability to fight problems in life.

However, to the question of completely banning private tuitions as in the case of primary school where private tuition is not legal from standard I to standard IV, the Minister said that he was unable to do so due to "pressure from different thesis multimedia box widget. The education system is essay examination means progress testing dependent business plan components examinations resulting in promotion of students.

There are major examinations at three key transition points of advanced nursing practice education essay education system in Mauritius, namely, C. C, and H. The first major and most stressing examination starts at the end of primary schooling with the extremely competitive C. E examinations which decide the secondary schools in which the students will be admitted to pursue their higher education. The second major examination is the S. C at the end of Form V which up to now is a basic requirement in order to obtain a job in resume writing service nz public sector.